准备环境

准备两台服务器节点，如果需要安装虚拟机，可以参考《wmware和centos安装过程》

机器名	IP	角色	CPU	内存
centos01	192.168.109.130	master	4核	2G
centos02	192.168.109.131	node	4核	2G

设置主机名，所有节点都执行

vim /etc/hosts#增加192.168.109.130 centos01192.168.109.131 centos02

关闭防火墙，所有节点都执行

systemctl stop firewalldsystemctl disable firewalldsetenforce 0vim /etc/selinux/config#修改SELINUX的值SELINUX=disabled

关闭swap内存，所有节点都执行

swapoff -avim /etc/fstab# 将该行注释掉#/dev/mapper/cs-swap swap

配置网桥，所有节点都执行

1.修改参数

(相关资料图)

vim /etc/sysctl.confnet.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1vm.swappiness = 0

2.然后，加载如下两个模块，所有节点都执行

modprobe ip_vs_rrmodprobe br_netfilter

3.生效配置

[root@centos01 opt]# sysctl -pnet.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1vm.swappiness = 0

安装containerd

以下步骤所有节点都执行。

安装

wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.7.2/containerd-1.7.2-linux-amd64.tar.gztar Cxzvf /usr/local containerd-1.7.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz

修改配置

mkdir /etc/containerdcontainerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.tomlvim /etc/containerd/config.toml#SystemdCgroup的值改为trueSystemdCgroup = true#由于国内下载不到registry.k8s.io的镜像，修改sandbox_image的值为：sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9"

启动服务

mkdir -p /usr/local/lib/systemd/systemwget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/main/containerd.servicemv containerd.service /usr/local/lib/systemd/systemsystemctl daemon-reloadsystemctl enable --now containerd

验证安装

[root@centos01 opt]# ctr versionClient:  Version:  v1.7.2  Revision: 0cae528dd6cb557f7201036e9f43420650207b58  Go version: go1.20.4Server:  Version:  v1.7.2  Revision: 0cae528dd6cb557f7201036e9f43420650207b58  UUID: 747cbf1b-17d4-4124-987a-203d8c72de7c

安装runc

以下步骤所有节点都执行。

准备文件

wget https://github.com//opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.1.7/runc.amd64chmod +x runc.amd64

查找containerd安装时已安装的runc所在的位置

[root@centos01 opt]# which runc/usr/bin/runc

替换上一步的结果文件

mv -f runc.amd64 /usr/bin/runc

验证安装

[root@centos01 opt]# runc -vrunc version 1.1.7commit: v1.1.7-0-g860f061bspec: 1.0.2-devgo: go1.20.3libseccomp: 2.5.4

安装kubernetes添加阿里云的kubernetes源，所有节点都执行

cat < /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo[kubernetes]name=Kubernetesbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/enabled=1gpgcheck=1repo_gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpgEOF

安装最新版，所有节点都执行

yum install -y kubeadm kubelet kubectl

开机自启动，所有节点都执行

systemctl enable kubelet

验证安装，所有节点都执行

[root@centos01 opt]# kubeadm versionkubeadm version: &version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"27", GitVersion:"v1.27.1", GitCommit:"4c9411232e10168d7b050c49a1b59f6df9d7ea4b", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2023-04-14T13:20:04Z", GoVersion:"go1.20.3", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

初始化集群，仅在master(centos01)上执行

[root@centos01 opt]# kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.109.130 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.27.1 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16.........Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/configAlternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.confYou should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:kubeadm join 192.168.109.130:6443 --token osh87v.zvo010kamsr8esmp \--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:ff4607c7c194e9f756b1eb509e64d2d926b5f8f9556a85c3c14a2d25add28230

其中，–apiserver-advertise-address：通告侦听地址–image-repository：指定镜像地址使用阿里云的，默认会使用谷歌镜像–kubernetes-version：指定当前的kubernetes的版本–pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16：flannel网络的固定地址范围

仔细阅读kubeadm init执行的结果，根据提示，还需要进行3步操作

1.笔者用的是root用户，仅在master节点执行

vim /etc/profile#在最后一行增加export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

生效环境变量

source /etc/profile

2.安装网络插件，可以选择calico或flannel，这里选择安装flannel，仅在master节点执行

下载安装文件

wget https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/releases/latest/download/kube-flannel.ymlvim kube-flannel.yml#和--pod-network-cidr的一样"Network": "10.244.0.0/16"

安装网络插件

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

3.其他节点加入集群，非master节点都执行

[root@centos02 opt]# kubeadm join 192.168.109.130:6443 --token osh87v.zvo010kamsr8esmp --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:ff4607c7c194e9f756b1eb509e64d2d926b5f8f9556a85c3c14a2d25add28230

验证安装结果，仅在master节点执行

[root@centos01 opt]# kubectl get nodesNAME       STATUS   ROLES           AGE    VERSIONcentos01   Ready    control-plane   134m   v1.27.1centos02   Ready              133m   v1.27.1

[root@centos01 opt]# kubectl get pods -n kube-systemNAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGEcoredns-7bdc4cb885-l4vs2           1/1     Running   0          9m3scoredns-7bdc4cb885-wzc8x           1/1     Running   0          9m3setcd-centos01                      1/1     Running   0          9m18skube-apiserver-centos01            1/1     Running   0          9m18skube-controller-manager-centos01   1/1     Running   0          9m19skube-proxy-m92hr                   1/1     Running   0          28skube-proxy-pv4hw                   1/1     Running   0          9m3skube-scheduler-centos01            1/1     Running   0          9m18s

强烈建议重启一遍所有服务器节点，有可能会暴露出来隐藏的问题，再次验证以上结果，仍然正常。

至此完成安装，接下来可以部署应用了，推荐一个平台：https://gitee.com/i512team/dhorse，是一个简单易用、以应用为中心的云原生DevOps系统，具有持续集成、持续部署、微服务治理等功能，主要特点：部署简单、操作简洁、功能快速。